2025 01 v.40 35-45
粤东潮汕地区河流沉积物微塑料分布及其影响因素初探
基金项目(Foundation):
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2023A1515012926）;
广东省2023年海洋经济发展（海洋六大产业）项目-潮州市饶平海岸带地质资源环境调查评价（GDNRC[2023]46）;
广东省地质勘查与城市地质专项（2023-22,2024-13,2022-18）
邮箱(Email):
fengwang@stu.edu.cn.;
DOI:
中文作者单位:
广东省海洋地质调查院;汕头大学海洋科学研究院,海洋灾害预警与防护广东省重点实验室;广东省地质调查院;上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院;
摘要(Abstract):
粤东潮汕地区河流众多、流域封闭、人类活动强烈，是进行微塑料输运机制研究的良好区域.本研究以潮汕地区暴雨前后的河岸沉积物为研究对象，对微塑料进行提取后镜检获得其丰度和形貌特征，选取典型样品利用傅里叶红外光谱仪（μ-FTIR）进行微塑料种类的鉴定.研究结果表明，潮汕地区沉积物中微塑料的平均丰度为180.69±87.09个/kg，大小集中在0.1-0.5 mm，以纤维状为主，PET最为常见.暴雨事件显著降低了沉积物中微塑料的丰度与粒径.人类活动强度直接关联微塑料的丰度和形态多样性，高强度活动区域微塑料污染更为严重.此外，河流水动力条件对微塑料的积累有重要影响，河流水动力较弱的区域更易积累微塑料.因此，暴雨事件、人类活动和河流水动力是影响潮汕地区河流沉积物微塑料空间分布的主要因素.本研究为潮汕地区微塑料污染的治理和防控提供了基础数据和理论支撑.
关键词(KeyWords):
微塑料分布;沉积物;影响因素;潮汕平原
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[3] THOMPSON R C,OLSEN Y,MITCHELL R P,et al. Lost at sea:Where is all the plastic?[J]. Science,2004,304(5672):838.
[4]骆永明，施华宏，涂晨，等.环境中微塑料研究进展与展望[J].科学通报，2021,66(13):1547-1562.
[5] BAZTAN J,CARRASCO A,CHOUINARD O,et al. Protected areas in the Atlantic facing the hazards of micro-plastic pollution:First diagnosis of three islands in the Canary Current[J]. Mar Pollut Bull,2014,80(1/2):302-311.
[6]耿娜，赵广明，张大海，等.黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的分布、来源和风险评价[J].环境科学，2023,44(9):5046-5054.
[7] MAI L,YOU S N,HE H,et al. Riverine microplastic pollution in the pearl river delta,China:are modeled estimates accurate?[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2019,53(20):11810-11817.
[8] LI Y B,LU Z B,ZHENG H Y,et al. Microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China[J]. Environ Sci Eur,2020,32(1):15.
[9] LEBRETON L C M,VAN DER ZWET J,DAMSTEEG J W,et al. River plastic emissions to the world's oceans[J]. Nat Commun,2017,8:15611.
[10] LIU D,GUO Z F,XU Y Y,et al. Widespread occurrence of microplastics in marine bays with diverse drivers and environmental risk[J]. Environ Int,2022,168:107483.
[11]杨少博，谢健，魏连通，等.水环境中微塑料的赋存特征及生态风险研究进展[J].环境科学与管理，2023,48(8):132-136.
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[13] ZHU L,BAI H Y,CHEN B J,et al. Microplastic pollution in North Yellow Sea, China:Observations on occurrence,distribution and identification[J]. Sci Total Environ,2018,636:20-29.
[14] CHEN X H,ZHAO P H,WANG D F,et al. Microplastics in marine sediments in Eastern Guangdong in the South China Sea:Factors influencing the seasonal and spatial variations[J]. Water, 2023, 15(6):1160.
[15] DEKIFF J H,REMY D,KLASMEIER J,et al. Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments from Norderney[J]. Environ Pollut,2014,186:248-256.
[16]刘艳，唐颖，宋阳，等.源于织物洗涤过程的微塑料释放[J].印染，2021,47(7):72-74.
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[21]李天翠，黄小龙，吴辰熙，等.长江流域水体微塑料污染现状及防控措施[J].长江科学院院报，2021,38(6):143-150.
[22] ZHANG K,XIONG X,HU H J,et al. Occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2017,51(7):3794-3801.
[23]汕头市发展和改革局.一图读懂2022汕头市产业地图[EB/OL].[2024-04-25]. https://www.shantou.gov.cn/stsfgj/gkmlpt/content/2/2160/post_2160063.html#3305.
[24] CHEN L M,LI J P,TANG Y Y,et al. Typhoon-induced turbulence redistributed microplastics in coastal areas and reformed plastisphere community[J]. Water Res,2021,204:12.
[25] LO H S,LEE Y K,PO B H K,et al. Impacts of Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018 on the deposition of marine debris and microplastics on beaches in Hong Kong[J]. Sci Total Environ,2020,716:9.
[26] VEERASINGAM S,MUGILARASAN M,VENKATACHALAPATHY R,et al. Influence of 2015flood on the distribution and occurrence of microplastic pellets along the Chennai coast,India[J]. Mar Pollut Bull,2016,109(1):196-204.
[27]武帆.城市河道水体和沉积物中微塑料的时空污染特征研究[D].太原：理工大学环境科学与工程学院，2022.
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:X52
引用信息:
[1]郭峰,雷安华,李诗颖等.粤东潮汕地区河流沉积物微塑料分布及其影响因素初探[J].汕头大学学报(自然科学版),2025,40(01):35-45.
基金信息:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2023A1515012926）; 广东省2023年海洋经济发展（海洋六大产业）项目-潮州市饶平海岸带地质资源环境调查评价（GDNRC[2023]46）; 广东省地质勘查与城市地质专项（2023-22,2024-13,2022-18）