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以餐饮废弃油脂为原料，开展系统的预处理研究，以满足其后续经加氢转化制生物航空燃料（SAF）要求.本论文采用超声辅助水化脱胶法、酸催化酯化降酸法和活性白土吸附脱色法，分别脱除餐饮废弃油脂中的磷脂、游离脂肪酸（FFA）及色素，并通过单因素实验优化各工艺参数.结果表明，最佳脱胶工艺条件为：超声时间30 min、水化时间60 min、加水量10%、水化温度80℃，该条件下磷脂含量由68.42 mg/kg降至20.20 mg/kg，脱胶率达70.47%.降酸工艺最佳条件为：醇油摩尔比19∶1、催化剂（硫酸）用量1.50%、反应温度70℃、反应时间60 min，酯化率达92.72%，酸价由13.04 mgKOH/g降至0.95 mgKOH/g.脱色工艺最佳参数为：活性白土添加量30%、反应温度80℃、反应时间2 h，脱色率达87.67%.本研究形成了一套高效、可行的餐饮废弃油脂预处理集成工艺，可显著提升油脂品质，为后续以预处理后餐饮废弃油脂为原料制SAF应用提供技术依据.
Abstract：In this study, waste cooking oil was systematically pretreated to meet the requirements for subsequent hydroconversion into sustainable aviation fuel(SAF). An integrated pretreatment process was employed, consisting of ultrasound-assisted hydration degumming, acid-catalyzed esterification for reducing free fatty acids(FFA), and activated clay decolorization, to remove phospholipids, FFA,and pigments, respectively. The process parameters were optimized through single-factor experiments.The results showed that the optimal degumming conditions were: ultrasound time 30 min, hydration time 60 min, water addition 10%, and hydration temperature 80 ℃. Under these conditions, the phospholipid content decreased from 68.42 mg/kg to 20.20 mg/kg, resulting in a degumming efficiency of 70.47%. The best deacidification performance was achieved at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 19:1, catalyst(sulfuric acid)dosage of 1.50%, reaction temperature of 70 ℃, and reaction time of 60 min, resulting in an esterification rate of 92.72% and a reduction in acid value from13.04 mgKOH/g to 0.95 mgKOH/g. For decolorization, the optimum conditions were: an activated clay dosage of 30%, reaction temperature of 80 ℃, and a reaction time of 2 h, leading to a decolorization rate of 87.67%. This study establishes an efficient and feasible integrated pretreatment process that significantly improves oil quality, providing a technical basis for the subsequent production of SAF from waste cooking oil.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TQ517;X799.3
引用信息:
[1]邢梦姣,陈柏润,顾文瑶,等.餐饮废弃油脂预处理工艺优化[J].汕头大学学报(自然科学版),2026,41(03):12-25.
基金信息:
广东省自然科学基金资助项目（2023A1515012115）; 汕头大学卓越人才科研启动项目（NTF22013）
2026-08-15
2026-08-15